The Impact of Psychological Capital, Supervisor Support and Risk Tolerance in Managers on Innovative Work Behavior

The present study intended to address the impact of positive psychological capital, supervisor support and risk tolerance in manager on innovative work behavior. The study emphasizes on the impression that employees who have positive psychological capital and receives support from their immediate supervisor/manager tend towards innovative work behavior on the job. In addition, employees whose manager allows them to take the risk can manage the external environment. Simple random sampling methodology was used to collect data from 11 private companies consisting of the telecommunication sector, banks and IT sector of Lahore, Pakistan. Findings from 400 employees by applying regression technique revealed that positive psychological capital, supervisor support and risk tolerance in manager have a positive impact on innovative work behavior. Results of the study highlight the importance of inculcating a positive work environment, support of the supervisor, which leads to the competitiveness of the organization. The limitations of the study and future research directions are discussed. Results underscore the importance of considering the direction of the positive work environment

Impact of Leadership Style on Organization Commitment: In A Mediating Role of Employee Values

This paper aims to how leadership ship style effects the organization commitment of the employees, when the organization culture is reflecting the employee’s values in the organization. This paper is a conceptual based paper which gives theoretical evidence to support the idea. The paper also gives a brief overview of transactional leadership and transformational leadership. The results of the paper suggest that the leadership style is a strong dimension of organization commitment when organization culture of the organization represents the employees’ values in the organization. Employees are more satisfied if the organization will meet their expectations which are the part of that organization culture, so they are more committed with the organization. The paper is not giving any empirical evidence of the model. Further studies can be carried out by replacing transactional leadership with servant leadership

Biostratigraphy and microfacies of the cretaceous sediments in the Indus Basin, Pakistan

In this thesis I document the biostratigraphy of two Cretaceous sections in Pakistan, the Chichali Nala Section and the Moghal Kot Section. Furthermore, I document the stratigraphy of the so-called Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) in the Moghal Kot Section. In addition, I establish potential links between the planktonic foraminiferal evolution and these OAEs in the Moghal Kot Section. Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) are established for the Valanginian time by using the TEX86 and δ18O proxies in the Chichali Nala Section. The new biostratigraphy of the Chichali Nala Section shows that the ages of the sediments are mainly Valanginian. The biostratigraphy of the Moghal Kot Section show ranges in age from the Early Aptian to Early Maastrichtian. Seven OAEs were recorded in the Moghal Kot Section based on the combined study of biostratigraphy, microfacies, and δ13C analysis. These OAEs correlate well with previously documented OAEs elsewhere, therefore the new record of the OAEs in the Moghal Kot Section confirms the widespread occurrence of these events, possibly all global in nature. A quantitative review of the planktonic foraminiferal evolution in the Moghal Kot Section indicates that the environmental changes along the OAE2 have strongly forced the evolution of the planktonic foraminifera. Conversely, no clear relationship is observed between other OAEs and planktonic foraminiferal evolution in the same section. The SST results based on the TEX86 in the Chichali Nala Section show that the surface ocean was consistently much warmer (10-12 oC) than today at the paleolatitude of ~-35o during the Valanginian time. Such warm conditions are also supported by the spore and pollen assemblages of the Chichali Nala Section. Collectively the two datasets indicate strongly that the Valanginian world was overall extremely warm. Such warming during the Valanginian is incompatible with previously suggested cooler conditions during this time period

Socio-demographic correlates of exhaled breath carbon monoxide in Karachi\u27s adult population

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between CO levels and putative factors including smoking status among residents of Karachi, an urban center with very high levels of air pollution. METHODS: Two hundred and eighteen volunteering subjects were asked to maximally exhale into a Smokerlyzer breath CO analyzer. Each of the volunteers was also asked to reply to a questionnaire-based interview seeking demographic information as well as details of exposure to tobacco, traffic fumes and other air pollutants. RESULTS: Out of the 218 participating subjects, 75% were males and 27% were current or ex-smokers. The mean CO level was 2.92 parts per million (ppm). Cigarette smoking was the only factor found to influence CO levels. Number of cigarettes smoked per day was directly related to CO levels, while time since the last smoke was inversely related. There was no difference in CO levels between ex-smokers and never-been-smokers. Years of residence in Karachi, quantitative exposure to traffic and perception of occupational exposure to air pollutants were not associated with CO levels. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking status, number of cigarettes smoked per day and time since last smoke correlated well with exhaled breath CO levels, in spite of high air pollution levels. This tool therefore continues to provide a valid and real-time assessment of a subject\u27s current smoking status

Occurrence of possible drug related interactions in medical patients in out-patient departments of Pakistan

Background: Data regarding occurrence of drug-drug interactions in Pakistan is rare. In the current study, we have tried to find out the clinical adversity and frequency witnessed in prescriptions of a medical outpatient department.Methods: Patient prescriptions were analyzed for potential drug-drug interactions.  A sample of 364 patients, visited outpatient department who were being prescribed at least two drugs simultaneously using a drug interaction program website.Results: The 364 patients (72.8% male, mean age 57.9±15.2 years) were prescribed a median of six drugs (range 2-13) at OPD visit. Three hundred forty nine patients (95.8%) had at least one potentially interacting drug combination. 2636 potential interactions were seen in the visiting patients. Out of these 124 (4.7%) were of major severity, 1730 (65.6%) moderate and 515 (19.5%). Out of 124 patients with a potential DDI with major severity, no patient was re-hospitalized within 2 months after discharge due to a probable drug-related problem associated with the potential DDI.Conclusions: A large percentage of patients were detected having one or more potential drug-drug interactions, using drug interaction detection program. However, the percentage of patients having clinically adverse consequences due to drug-drug interactions appears to be very low

What is the effect of Organizational Justice and Perceived Organizational and Supervisor Support on Employee’s Level of Trust?

Aim - Past studies support the importance of organizational justice and its impact on employees' work attitudes. There are many factors that affect the employees’ work attitude but their perceptions about organizational justice and support are significant factors. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between Organizational justice and trust but there is a lack of research to measure the mediating role of perceived support. This study examines the role of perceived support as a mediator between organizational justice and trust. Methodology - The sample of the study is 170 faculty members of public and private sector universities of Pakistan.  A cross-sectional design with a standardized questionnaire is used. Findings - Results indicate that distributive, procedural and interactional justice is direct antecedents of organizational and supervisory trust with the demonstration perceived organizational support as a partial mediator between procedural justice and organizational trust. Distributive justice is related to organizational trust both directly and indirectly through perceived organizational support and supervisory trust. Finally, interactional justice is a direct and indirect predictor of supervisory trust through perceived supervisor support

An improved port knocking authentication framework for mobile cloud computing

The latest developments in mobile cloud computing (MCC) have changed user's priorities for computing. However, the change towards MCC brings new challenges to cloud service providers and administrators. Authentication is one among the challenges categorized in the classification of security issues for MCC. Port knocking authentication method eliminates user's collaboration during the authentication process. Thus, such technique has the potential to be applied on the MCC environment which can ensure reliable communication. However, current port knocking authentication techniques lack of addressing the issue of knock-sequence length. It is challenging to deploy appropriate length sequence for port knocking authentication for the reason that shorter length knock sequence degrades security, whereas, deploying longer length sequence involves performance issues in terms of time and buffer management. This paper proposes a dynamic length port knocking authentication framework which addresses the issue of security degradation and optimizes performance in terms of time up and buffer managment. We employ MikroTik RouterOS for the evaluation of the proposed technique. Analysis of the results shows that dynamic length port knocking authentication technique improves performance in terms of time up to 23% and buffer management up to 28% by reducing the imposed load. Furthermore, by deploying dynamic length (DL) and pool of length (PoL), the proposed method reveals high security, which decreases the probability of hacking knock-sequence near to zero for a number of parallel authentication requests. Hence, dynamic length port knocking authentication technique provides an optimal solution for reliable communication in MCC

Surface active lanthanide complexes for sensing applications on silica and gold surfaces

The work presented in this thesis investigates the use of new luminescent lanthanide bis-amide DTPA complexes, both in solution and bound to gold and silica surfaces. The bis-amide arms have been modified with surface attachment groups consisting of disulphides, thioacetates and silyl ethers. Both sensitising and non-sensitising bisamides arms were attached to DTPA in order to develop the best lanthanide based sensor. When these visible and NIR emitting lanthanide complexes are bound to the surface they can be used to detect various small analytesm including benzoic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, picolinic acid, dipicolinic acid, quinaldic acid, dibenzoyl methane and curcumin. The detection of analytes was performed on surfaces and in solution allowing for comparisons between the two techniques to be made. Lanthanide complexes were attached to silica microparticles and they were used for detection of analytes under flow conditions; these studies were compared to surface and solution analyte detection. The lanthanide-based silica microparticles were developed further to show the advantages of bimodal luminescent silica microparticles. The development of self-assembled monolayers of the lanthanide complexes on gold were studied using surface plasmon resonance and ellipsometry

Success and Complications of Microsurgical Over-Top Decompression for Lumbar Spine Stenosis: Experience in a Limited Resource Center

Objective:  The overtop decompression is also called the outside-in technique or bilateral decompression from the unilateral approach. The objective of the study was to evaluate the success and complications of microsurgical over-top decompression for single-level lumbar spine stenosis. Material and Methods:  This observational study was conducted at the Neurosurgery unit at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from Jan 2018 to December 2021. All those patients who had undergone over-top decompression for single-level degenerative lumbar spine stenosis irrespective of age and gender were included in our study. Results:  We had a total of 187 patients who underwent microscopic over-top decompression for lumbar spine stenosis. Four patients lost their final follow-up. The mean age of the patients was 46 years (ranging from 18 – 68 years). Spinal stenosis was more common in men (58.3%) and at L4/5 (51.87%) level. The mean duration of surgery was 56 minutes (range 35-86 minutes). Leg pain improved in 83.1% of the cases with overall patient satisfaction after surgery in 82.5% of the cases. The most common (6.95%) complication of the procedure was iatrogenic durotomy. Most of the complications were minor and treated conservatively. Conclusions:  Overtop decompression is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for lumbar spine stenosis. It has good results in symptomatic improvement. There is minimal soft tissue and bony dissection. Therefore, mobility and stability of the spine are preserved. Moreover, the learning curve for microscopic overtop decompression is shallow and surgery time is short